ABSTRACT
Objective: Adenoid hypertrophy is a disease whose most serious effect is the obstruction of the nasopharyngeal airway, leading to severe dentoskeletal deformities. The aim of this study was to determine the volume of the nasopharynx in patients with different grades of adenoid hypertrophy. Materials and methods: A retrospective study was conducted. One hundred and twenty-five cone beam computed tomographies of 8 to 12-year-old pediatric patients, obtained from the 2014-2017 database of the School of Dentistry of Universidad de San Martin de Porres, were selected. Romexis 3.6.0 software (PlanMeca®, Finland) was used. In order to make a diagnosis and determine the grade of hypertrophy (Grade 1= healthy, Grade 2= mild, Grade 3= moderate and Grade 4= severe) quantitative and qualitative methods were used; grades 2, 3 and 4 were considered pathological. The same software was used to determine the volume of the nasopharynx. Results: Grade 1 hypertrophy was 44%, mild 36,8%, moderate 13,6% and severe 5,6%, accounting for a pathological adenoid hypertrophy prevalence of 56%. The mean volume of the nasopharynx was 4.985, 3.375, 2.154 and 0.944cm3 for grades 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of pathological adenoid hypertrophy (56%). The volume of the nasopharynx decreases according to the severity of the adenoid hypertrophy.
Objetivo: La hipertrofia adenoidea es una patología cuya repercusión más severa es la obstrucción de la vía aérea nasofaríngea, con graves consecuencias de malformaciones dento-esqueléticas. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar el volumen de la vía aérea nasofaríngea en pacientes con diferentes grados de hipertrofia adenoidea. Material y método: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, se seleccionaron 125 tomografías computarizadas de haz cónico de pacientes pediátricos de 8 a 12 años de edad obtenidas en la base de datos del 2014 al 2017 de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de San Martín de Porres. Se utilizó el software Romexis 3.6.0 (PlanMeca®, Finlandia); para realizar el diagnóstico y determinar el grado de hipertrofia (Grado 1= sano, Grado 2=leve, Grado 3=moderado y Grado 4= severo) se utilizaron dos métodos, uno de evaluación cualitativa y otra cuantitativa; los grados 2, 3 y 4 fueron considerados como patológicos; para determinar el volumen de la vía aérea nasofaríngea se utilizaron las herramientas del mismo software. Resultados: La hipertrofia grado 1 estuvo constituida por el 44%, leve en el 36.8%, moderado en el 13.6% y severo en el 5.6%; constituyendo finalmente una prevalencia de hipertrofia adenoidea patológica del 56%. Las medias de los volúmenes de la vía aérea nasofaríngea fueron de 4.985, 3.375, 2.154 y 0.944 cm3 para los grados 1, 2, 3 y 4 respectivamente. Conclusión: Existe una alta prevalencia de hipertrofia adenoidea patológica (56%), el volumen de la vía aérea nasofaríngea tiende a disminuir conforme a la severidad de la hipertrofia adenoidea.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Pharynx/pathology , Adenoids/pathology , Adenoids/diagnostic imaging , Nose/pathology , Retrospective Studies , Cone-Beam Computed Tomography , HypertrophyABSTRACT
To determine whether the enlarged adenoids is a cause of nasal obstruction in adults. Case-series study of six adult patients suffering from nasal obstruction were found to have enlarged adenoids. The diagnosis was made in different times, some were diagnosed preliminary by complete ear, nose and throat examination and lateral skull radiography, others by accidental finding during operations for septal and sinuses pathology, for the above patients adenoidectomy was performed and the diagnosis was supported by histopathological study revealing adenoids tissue. The remaining one patient, excisional biopsy was done for a postnasal space mass diagnosed as angiofibroma by computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the nasopharynx. Out of six patients aged between 18-35 years with enlarged adenoids, two patients were suspected preoperatively, another three patients a mass were found accidentally during operations for septal and sinuses pathology. The remaining one patient, excisional biopsy was performed for the postnasal space mass diaonosed as angiofibroma. Four patients out of the total number had evidence of allergic rhinitis. Although it is rare, enlarged adenoids should be considered in the differential diagnosis of adults suffering from nasal obstruction
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Nasal Obstruction/etiology , Adenoids/diagnostic imagingABSTRACT
A obstrução nasal é queixa freqüente na clínica diária, sendo a hipertrofia da tonsila faríngea (adenóide) uma das causas principais em crianças. A avaliação radiológica da parte nasal da faringe (rinofaringe) é exame não invasivo, de acesso universal e objetivo, existindo vários trabalhos que mostram correlação entre os achados radiográficos, o quadro clínico e o volume de adenóide retirado em cirurgia. Objetivo: O objetivo do estudo foi o de comparar a radiografia de cavum (RC) e a telerradiografia lateral de crânio MO na avaliação de crianças com obstrução nasal. Material e método: Foram estudados 26 pacientes entre três a 11 anos de idade com quadro de obstrução nasal e/ou respiração bucal há mais de três meses, submetidos às duas técnicas radiológicas em estudo no mesmo dia, analisadas pelo método de Cohen e Konak (permeabilidade da via aérea) e com relação ao posicionamento do paciente. Resultados: A idade média dos pacientes foi de 6,4 anos, sendo 16 do sexo feminino e 10 do masculino, sendo encontrada concordância na análise da permeabilidade da parte nasal da faringe em ambos os exames, em 73,1% dos casos. Em 61,5% das RC havia alteração no posicionamento do paciente. Conclusão: Os autores concluem que a TLC deve ser o exame radiológica de escolha na avaliação de crianças com obstrução nasal, pois avaliam a parte nasal da faringe como a RC, porém com a vantagem de posicionamento adequado do paciente na maioria dos casos.
Nasal obstruction is a common complaint in daily practice and adenoidal obstruction is one of the main causes of that in childhood. Radiological assessment constitutes a noninvasive, generally available and objective means of estimating the nasopharynx airway. Some authors describe correlations among radiographic evaluation, clinical and intraoperative findings. Purpose: This study intends to compare lateral teleradiograph of cranium (LTC) and lateral radiograph of the nasopharynx (LRN) in the evaluation of nasal obstruction children. Material e methods: We studied 26 patients between 3 to 11 years old with nasal obstruction and/or mouth breathing for more than 3 months. Both radiographs were taken in the same day and they were evaluated by Cohen and Konak approach. Results: The mean age was 6.4 years and 16 patients were female and 10 male. We found the some interpretation in both radiographs in 73.1% of children. 61.5% of the LRN presented head rotation in the sagital plane. Conclusion: Authors conclude LTC is the radiograph of choice in the nasal obstruction children approach because it evaluates the nasopharynx airway as the LRN but it minimizes changes in head positioning.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Nasal Obstruction/complications , Nasal Obstruction/diagnostic imaging , Adenoids/diagnostic imaging , Nasopharynx/physiologyABSTRACT
The present study was conducted on 80 children diagnosed clinically to have enlarged adenoids. Detailed histories were taken from parents and complete general and otorhinolaryngological examinations were done followed by radiographic and fiberoptic examinations of the nasopharynx. Cases shown to have an enlarged adenoids by radiography or endoscopy were submitted to examination under general anesthesia to confirm the diagnosis before adenoidectomy which was done in the same sitting. Clinical evaluation was found to be reliable in assessing adenoidal obstruction of the nasopharyngeal airway. Radiographs can be used in cases of being doubt to confirm the clinical diagnosis. When the clinical picture is unclear, flexible endoscopy can provide a definitive assessment of the status of the nasopharyngeal airway